f you have as good computer vision processing as human, normal precision GPS and maps are enough.
It's not nearly enough... only if you want to drive as badly as an inexperienced human driver, driving that road for the first time.
Also, if you want to drive with vision only, you'd need the system to understand
all road markings, junction types, and - critically - all road signs. This assumes you have an AI attached to that vision system with NLP capable of human level contextual understanding too...
...which is a completely different ball game. Even I, with my human brain, struggle to understand some of the signage on the UK road network.
Never mind some of these examples!
GPS is unreliable, it gives you ~10m accuracy on a good day. It's far less accurate when you're in a built up area, like a city. It's prone to losing lock, can take a few minutes to lock when you're leaving an underground car park, for example. It doesn't work in tunnels etc etc.
A HD map with localisation gives you ~3cm accuracy about the environment, and the position of the car within that environment.
Thus, it gives you the drivable path. It doesn't care whether it's dark, or foggy, or rainy or whatever. It can tell you everything you could possibly want to know about your journey, all the road topology, before you leave your driveway. It's lightweight data, much lighter than the maps used for sat-nav (which weigh in at gigabyte proportions). The car can know everything you could possibly want to know about the drive, way more than a human could ever know, before you've even left your garage.
Good vision will give you the ability to avoid crashing into stuff, match traffic conditions, and deal with dynamically changing (templated) signs; like traffic lights. Even better if the vision knows where to look for those things, because of the map (helps avoid false positives). That's pretty much all vision needs to do, and we're pretty much there already - or nearly, anyway. It also gives you the foresight to warn the driver/passenger when the car *won't be able to drive itself any more* - making for a smooth and safe handover period.
This isn't just a fall back in case the camera fails - this is
essential stuff. You can't have an autonomous car without a HD map.
The good news is that really, regardless of HW2 or HW2.5... DrivePX2 or Xavier... once you add the map and localisation into the mix and activate the surround cameras (plus add traffic light recognition), you've got a pretty functional system.
Anyway. these are worth checking out if you're not a map believer:
TomTom HD Map with RoadDNA | TomTom Automotive
End-to-end HD Mapping for Self-Driving Cars from NVIDIA Automotive
Whoever Owns the Maps Owns the Future of Self-Driving Cars