These are lithium-ion batteries, there is no battery acid.
Salt water is a conductor, this likely shorted the cells... the exact thing you want to avoid because of the explosion you witnessed that could also lead to dramatic fires.
Just because a battery is "dead" does not mean it does not have energy stored in it... lithium is a very reactive chemical, although this isn't lithium metal, there is still lithium ions at the anode (hence the term lithium ion battery) that can and will react violently as we have seen here.
You're lucky this only happened to one cell and didn't get out of hand.
Not to nitpick but there are still Electrolytes which give ions in water just like acids do.