B. Safety Importance of Creep Force in Cueing the Driver--Creep Force
in Reverse
...
When the current wording of FMVSS No. 102 was adopted in 1968,
vehicles were equipped mostly with ICEs and mechanical/hydraulic
automatic transmissions, which have always provided creep force. Today,
drivers can rely on creep force to avoid crashes that would result from
shifting errors. When a driver places the automatic transmission shift
lever in a drive position and reduces service brake pressure slowly by
easing up on the service brake pedal, the vehicle begins to move slowly
in the direction that has been selected by the transmission shift
lever. This creep force in the correct direction cues the driver that
when the accelerator is depressed, the vehicle will move in the
anticipated direction.
It is important for creep force to initiate motion of the vehicle
before the driver's foot leaves the service brake pedal and before the
service brakes are completely disengaged. Then, if a shifting error has
occurred, the driver's foot is still on the brake pedal and the error
can be safely and quickly corrected. For example, if there is no creep
force associated with an automatic transmission equipped vehicle and
the driver thought he had selected Drive but instead had selected
Reverse, when he removes his foot from the brake and depresses the
accelerator, the vehicle would unexpectedly move rearward instead of
forward. The unexpected movement of the vehicle rearward may cause the
driver to further depress the accelerator. By the time the driver
realizes his mistake and applies the brake again, the vehicle may have
moved rearward a considerable distance and possibly struck a pedestrian
or an object, causing injury and/or property damage.
From years of driving ICE-powered automatic transmission vehicles,
drivers are familiar with cues in the direction of travel indicated by
creep force. Since it is not inherent in hybrid vehicles, it is NHTSA's
view that there is a safety need to at least design creep force into
the vehicles when in Reverse.