Heat Pump and Car Wash should never be in the same paragraph, they have nothing to do with one another.
Car washes reuse water, fine sand and dirt from a dirty car ahead of you may be in the water when your car is washed. Used water goes through a clarifier, if the car wash is busy there isn’t enough time for the fine particles to settle. When the car is being touched small dirt particles are being rubbed against the paint. I think that’s where the micro scratches come from, more than the brushes. The only clean water your car sees is the final rinse.
A touch less car wash uses (wait for it) a very small electrical charge in the water. Don‘t remember how it works, something like the car carries a positive charge, and the water has a negative charge. Somehow, I really don’t understand it, that removes dirt from the car.
Full disclosure: For over 10 years a family member managed a two alley, touch-less car wash near Thousand Oaks California. Each Christmas and Thanksgiving I was taught more about the car wash business than I ever wanted to know.