The actual patent has a number of different cases. At least one could be applied to auto overtaking:
And this one looks like it is a generic catch-all for self-driving:
I don't think either of those apply to self-driving. In both cases the system is trying to figure out if the car intends to leave the lane based on sensor inputs. (Specifically: "based on data from at least one of the camera or steering angle sensor".) A self-driving system knows its own intentions without relying on sensor inputs.
Plus there is plenty of prior art for self-driving cars turning on their own turn signals. Waymo cars have been doing this for years now, among others. Tesla would be laughed out of court if they claimed this applied to an autonomous vehicle turning on its turn signal. This is entirely about figuring out what the human driver intends to do and turning on the signal for them -- turning it on too late really, but better late than never? So this is for competing with other automakers developing L2 (or even L1) driver assistance features.