The navigation maps from Garmin/Navigon are supposed to be updated annually, though it appears it's been over 15 months since our car has seen the last update. That navigation maps are used to determine routing - and are displayed on the dashboard while a route is active.
The console display uses Google maps, which are updated almost immediately (when driving new roads, they show up very quickly on the Google maps, even though it could take a year or two before they show up on the navigation maps). Google provides the satellite maps and the real-time traffic data.
Tesla is developing a 3rd map database using high definition data captured from the fleet of AP cars - that data will likely help Tesla determine specific lane locations - something neither the Navigon or Google maps (currently) provide. It's unclear how Tesla will integrate this data into the navigation/autopilot systems, or how they'll reconcile the inevitable differences between the 3 map databases, when new roads are added or there are changes (permanent or temporary) to existing roads.