This randomly selected post shows the issue clearly. The real range a car delivers is directly linked to wh/mile / efficiency and the actual energy stored in the battery.
I have a message from Tesla service which states that to get the "rated" range on my 2016 Model S 90D I would need to consume 277 wh/mile. My occassionally "spirited" driving style has resulted in a long term average of 353 wh/mile. Under ideal conditions and modest driving, I once got it down to 307 wh/mile over a 200 mile trip. 277 wh/mile is not achievable with anything that would be called typical driving under mixed conditions.
Tesla's displayed and advertised "rated range" qualifies for the definition of "false advertising". That and the 15% degraded battery are the only two things which I dislike about the car.