Your opening paragraph is exactly the point I was trying to make. You just phrased it much better. "In supercharging, they would be only of limited use. They might be able to push the taper off to a little higher rate of charge by storing energy quickly, then charging up the battery at a rate that is good for the batteries. " Store energy quickly; charge the battery later. Dont replace battery, just round off some of the rough edges.
The idea of a permanent replacement of the 12v unit seems like a good thing - but not the only thing. Buffering the battery for regen, for sprints, for supercharging assistant - seems like additional good things.
I keep reading that the time spent supercharging is too long and something just gotta be done about it. Personally, I find a 20 minute charging stop is a welcome break. But whittling this down to a shorter charging stop seems desirable- and fits my understanding of what a capacitor can do. The size/density issue is a flaw I cant get my head around. Cant they be molded into just about any shape and used to fill voids to save time?
There are limits on the geometry of capacitors, you can't just mold them any way you want (capacitance is in part tied to physical geometry), but their shape is more flexible than batteries. It would be interesting to fill the fenders with supercapacitors, though that might pose a safety issue. In an accident that caused a sudden discharge of the capacitors it could electrocute someone, or start a fire. The capacitors themselves wouldn't be fire hazzards like li-ion cells are, but a sudden discharge of a supercapacitor could set something else on fire.
I believe the 12v is needed with current design for safety as well. It powers the safety features in a crash. That is probably why it is well protected and hard to get to too.
As someone who just replaced it in my car, they did make it unnecessarily difficult to get to. There is a bracket that needs to be removed or bent to get the battery out and the lower nut on the bracket is under the HEPA filter in the Model S. And getting the HEPA filter out requires a partial frunk dismantling. I bent the bracket. It isn't that difficult to get to the battery terminals, you remove 3 plastic pieces, one held on with velcro and another just press fits into place. The press fit piece is the duct from the HEPA filter to the cabin and is held in place by the other two pieces.
A relatively minor redesign of that bracket would make getting the 12V battery in and out much easier.