I have no idea if this information is correct, and I apologize if it has been posted before, but over at the teslamotors site
Range degradation remedy? | Forums | Tesla Motors
a poster is claiming that Tesla sent him the following email, which basically claims that the reason one might see a higher rated range after a full charge is that doing a full charge lets the car measure the battery's energy capacity more accurately than it can be estimated from their algorithm when the battery is not fully charged and that it doesn't have to do with balancing the pack:
"As far as your question about “pack balancing”, it is not really necessary. Fully charging your battery to the maximum several times may increase the estimated range that is displayed on your dash, but not necessarily because your battery packs need balancing. The algorithms used for estimating range are based on determining how much energy is stored in your battery. However, the only accurate way to measure the amount of energy a battery can store is to fully charge the battery, then completely discharge the battery to zero, then measure the amount of energy that was released. While this would give an accurate measurement, it would not be good for the battery. So the Model S uses algorithms to estimate the amount of energy a battery can store.
When a battery is fully charged, the algorithm is able “learn” the “upper limit” for the battery. But since you don’t fully charge your battery often (which is a good thing), the algorithm for your vehicle may no longer have an accurate value for the “upper limit”, causing your Estimated Range calculation to be slightly off. By fully charging your battery several times, your algorithm may relearn the “upper limit” of your battery, so it may start to show a different/higher number for your Estimated Range. It is important to understand, however, that fully charging your battery several times, is not going to actually help your battery. In fact, frequent full charging of your battery can actually accelerate battery degradation."