It is possible there are phantom braking incidents which are safety issues, but I have never seen one documented (except for the well known recall). It would be great to see one. I would describe an issue as more than a 10mph reduction in speed in less than a second. Roughly. We could discuss that metric to figure out what is reasonable (maybe 7mph in less than a second?). Emergency stop is 60 to 0 in less than 3 seconds, which is obviously super dangerous. So that is 20mph per second.
The only things I can think of as phantom braking from my side are things like the car slamming on the brakes when approaching certain manhole covers, asphalt patches which are black while surround asphalt is gray, and various other cases. Some of these areas happen at the same spots regularly.