I had lots of that kind of material between the rims and disks. It helped, but it would still scratch as the dirt and rain would push in between the gap with great force when you go at high speeds. The guys who made the disks even said, don't be surprised when you hear noises, wheels felx a lot. We tried a lot of things to make them stable and fixed, but there are lots of forces on the wheels. I really wanted to make it work and I spent a lot of time on trying to make it work, but eventually I had to realize it's not going to work as a permanent solution. The only way it would work is an actual rim that is designed to optimize aerodynamics at the wheels.
The problem is that everyone thinks car owners would not buy a closed, disk type rim. There literally thousands of rims available and all go for the open, almost see through look. So no one wants to be the one making something else. But the positive reactions and feedback I got all the time I parked my car from people convinced me that there is a market for a different look!