A monocular camera can resolve 3d information from its own movement by tracking the spacial translation of points in its view. This can also be used algorithmically and is called SLAM (simultaneous localisation and mapping). Check YouTube for examples.
Can be used to build 3d maps on the field of view of a vehicle by tracking subsequent frames. Does not have the spatial resolution of LIDAR, but can be sufficiently high res (supposedly around 10cm).
What resolution of camera would be needed to deliver this 10cm 3D map at a distance of say 100m?